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This case study analyses the interactions between conflict and private sector development in Mozambique. In the 42 years following its independence, Mozambique faced a 16-year civil war from 1976/77 to 1992, an interim period of peace that lasted 20 years, and recurring, low-level conflict involving the same belligerents since 2013. This case study examines the conflict dynamics in post-independence Mozambique, and how the private sector has developed in response to both conflict and peace.