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The violent insurgency in northern Mozambican province of Cabo Delgado, that started in October 2017 and is still ongoing, caught the government of the country and the public by surprise. Although this insurgency remains largely unexplored and little understood, the only study done so far has suggested that it is being carried out by Muslim youth connected to Islamic radicalism, in particular to the Harakat alShabaab of Somalia and its offshoots in Kenya, Tanzania, and as far as DRC.1 Islam has a long history in Mozambique, since probably the eighth century.2 According to the 2017 National Population Census, Muslims account for about 18% of the total population the country and 58% of the Cabo Delgado inhabitants. However, Mozambique had never had any visible Islamist radical political movement before.