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This report is about how women entrepreneurs can contribute more to the quality and direction of economic and social development in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Economic growth in the Middle East has been remarkable since 2004, mainly because of higher oil prices. Rapid job growth has followed, driven mainly by the private sector. Yet the region still faces two important challenges: the first is to create better jobs for an increasingly educated young workforce; the second is to diversify its economies away from the traditional sectors of agriculture, natural resources, construction, and public works and into sectors that can provide more and better jobs for young people— sectors that are more export oriented, labor intensive, and knowledge driven. These goals can be achieved only by more innovative and diverse investors. In this, the private sector must play an even bigger role than in the past. This report is different. Its objective is to provide a better understanding of barriers to investment and doing business that may be common to all investors and those that affect women entrepreneurs disproportionately. The report examines newly available data from more than 4,800 surveyed firms in the formal sector in eight Middle East and North African countries (the Arab Republic of Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, the Syrian Arab Republic, Gaza and the West Bank, and the Republic of Yemen). These surveys detail firm characteristics and the responses of male- and female- owned firms to questions about perceived barriers along 18 categories of the investment climate. The purpose of the report is threefold: • to provide an overview of the characteristics of female- owned firms in the region; • to analyze gender- specific barriers that exist across the region or within countries; and • to identify other factors outside the business environment that might affect women’s entrepreneurship. The report finishes with policy recommendations on how to reduce the identified barriers and create a level playing field for women entrepreneurs. The report acknowledges limitations resulting from the availability and depth of data. It does not attempt to answer every question about women’s entrepreneurship in MENA. Indeed, it may raise more questions than it answers. The hope is to spur greater interest in the topic among researchers and policy makers.

Issue: 44824