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This paper aims at giving a general overview on the geology of Mozambique, and its mineral and geological resources associated to the different geological units. The geology of Mozambique covers almost all periods of the Earth’s history. Tectonically speaking, Precambrian is found in three Gondwana blocks – E, W and S -, each one of them with its geostructural characteristics, and separated from each other by great structural features. For Phanerozoic, reference is made to the Karoo Supergroup (Upper Carboniferous to Early Jurassic), and to the East- Africa Rift System (Jurassic to the present), with origin linked to the Gondwana fragmentation and the opening of the Mozambique Channel, where the great sedimentary basins of Rovuma (N) and Mozambique (center-S) can be distinguished, both world-wide known for the discoveries of hydrocarbons. A general presentation of the geological resources and their location. © 2014, LNEG – Laboratório Nacional de Geologia e Energia IP.