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Research has highlighted disparities in family planning outcomes by wealth and by region separately. This analysis examines regional disparities within specific poverty groups. Twelve USAID family planning priority countries with recent DHS or AIS surveys were selected for the analysis, including 11 DHS surveys (Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, Ghana, Haiti, Malawi, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Rwanda Uganda, and Zambia) and one AIS survey (Mozambique). The measure of absolute...

Since the start of the reform in the late 1990s, Indonesia has implemented an ambitious decentralization policy. One of its aims is to foster regional development from below by giving subnational governments a greater discretion in determining programmes that are more aspirational to the interests of the community and to local and regional development objectives. The decentralized government system has been implemented for almost two decades, yet limited studies have been conducted to...

Bureaucratic reform is an effort to improve the system of government administration, especially institutional aspects, management, and human resources of the apparatus. One of the bureaucratic reforms in Indonesia is the establishment of the One-Stop Service (OSS) office which handles and integrates all forms of licensing. This article examined how the implementation of public service reform and how the change of management practices had been implemented in the OSS of Bone Regency. Data were...

This paper examines the development of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. It has three research issues, namely the role of MSMEs, their constraints, and the importance of MSMEs for the creation of business opportunities for women. More specifically, the study aims to answer the following research questions. First, how important are MSMEs in Indonesia? Second, what are their main constraints? Third, how important are they, especially micro and small enterprises (MSEs),...

Background: In the past decade, the negative impact of disrespectful maternity care on women’s utilisation and experiences of facility-based delivery has been well documented. Less is known about midwives’ perspectives on these labour ward dynamics. Yet efforts to provide care that satisfies women’s psycho-socio-cultural needs rest on midwives’ capacity and willingness to provide it. We performed a systematic review of the emerging literature documenting midwives’ perspectives to explore the...

"As regras do jogo: uma introdução às normas internacionais do trabalho" apresenta de maneira sucinta a política normativa da OIT, com objetivo de facilitar a sua compreensão e apropriação pelos constituintes tradicionais da OIT e os do sistema das Nações Unidas, bem como os não especialistas e o público em geral.

The Rules of the Game: An introduction to the standards-related work of the ILO provides a brief presentation of the ILO’s standards policy with a view to facilitating understanding and ownership by the ILO’s traditional constituents, as well as the United Nations system, non-specialists and the broader public. In its first section, the publication recalls the underlying reasons for and utility of the ILO’s standards-related action at both the national level and in the current context of...

Background How do governance interventions that engage citizens in public service delivery planning, management and oversight impact the quality of and access to services and citizens’ quality of life? This systematic review examined high quality evidence from 35 citizen engagement programmes in low- and middle-income countries that promote the engagement of citizens in service delivery through four routes: participation (participatory priority setting); inclusion of marginalised groups;...

Inequality is a key political issue of our times. It has political consequences, fuelling conflict and raising legitimacy chal‑ lenges for regimes around the world, in democratic and non‑demo‑ cratic settings alike. At the centre of these challenges is the question of accountability: who can be held accountable, on what basis, how and by whom for tackling or failing to tackle which inequalities. In the field of global health, inequality has long been a key issue. A significant body of work —...

The aims of this paper are: 1) to highlight how multi-stakeholder country platforms, built on development effectiveness principles, in line with the globally agreed recommendations of IHP+2, can be reinforced within the framework of the Global Strategy and its supporting mechanisms and are key to the Global Strategy’s successful implementation; and 2) to lay out key considerations for new multi-stakeholder country platforms, along with the relevant mechanisms and a minimum set of standards...

There is a large volume of literature on youth participation in development, including on the benefits of involving young people in local, national, regional and global governance initiatives. Although not as voluminous, there is also a significant body of work on youth participation in civic life, though much of this focuses on issues of education and employment (Oxfam 2016) as well as health (particularly initiatives related to HIV/ AIDS). It was not possible to identify a large body of...

The Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health 2016-30 highlights the importance of adolescent health and well-being as being essential to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by 2030. For adolescents to survive, thrive and transform their societies, the global community needs to invest in their health and well-being. Today’s adolescents are well-positioned to mobilize their peers, advocate for increased resources for sexual and reproductive health and...

Addressing complex environmental problems requires the collaboration of stakeholders with divergent perspectives, a goal that is challenged by diverse factors. Challenges hindering multi-stakeholder collaboration (MSC) for sustainability have previously been addressed in the context of transnational partnerships. However, less is known regarding how place-based MSC operates, especially in the context of the Global South. To contribute to addressing the factors that hinder place-based MSC for...

Indonesian President Joko Widodo has set a target of improving the country’s ranking in The World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business (EODB) index from 72nd to 40th by 2019. One barrier to meeting this challenge is Indonesia’s ranking in the Starting a Business Indicator, where it is 144th among 190 countries. According to the EODB Report, it takes 23 days and 11 procedures to register a business in Indonesia. To address this problem, the central government has implemented changes requiring...

Close-to-community (CTC) providers have been identified as a key cadre to progress universal health coverage and address inequities in health service provision due to their embedded position within communities. CTC providers both work within, and are subject to, the gender norms at community level but may also have the potential to alter them. This paper synthesises current evidence on gender and CTC providers and the services they deliver.

This study aims to examine how the relationships between a borrower and his potential lender affect the decisions of potential lender whether or not to provide or extend funds to the borrower. The author explores the available literature and original fieldwork to create a framework to capture this relationship. The study employs descriptive qualitative data to analyze and examine the research questions. The result shows that borrowers who build their commercial transactions with their lender...

Access to finance has been a key constraint for Indonesia’s micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) that lack tangible assets to be used as collateral. Consequently, credit guarantee schemes (CGSs) are important instruments to meet MSMEs’ financial needs. This paper examines the effectiveness of the KUR (community business credit), a partial public CGS in Indonesia, by comparing it with similar schemes in other ASEAN member states (AMS). The findings suggest that the KUR programme,...

The DHS Analytical Studies 71 examines subnational variations in fertility preferences and family planning outcomes associated with poverty in married women in 12 recent Demographic and Health Surveys. Poverty is measured based on a standard set of criteria for unsatisfied basic needs and the ownership of specific assets. Households are categorized into three poverty groups: not extremely poor, extremely poor but not asset poor, and extremely poor and asset poor. This brief summarizes the...

The implementation plan for the civil society engagement strategy (CSES) is developed to provide civil society organizations in countries (CSOs) with an operational framework to strengthen their engagement in the GFF process with a view to supporting the achievement of the objectives of the GFF and national investment cases. The plan reflects and builds on, and should be read in conjunction with the CSES. It is shaped and informed by GFF country implementation experiences to date, 12345 as...

This study aims to analyze the role of banks to increase small and medium enterprises and economic growth in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. The focus of this study examines how the role of banks in terms of lending to small and medium enterprises, credit to the private sector and its impact on economic growth in Yogyakarta Province. The data used in this research is secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics.